Ptsd The Soldier s Curse - 1301 Words

PTSD: The Soldier’s Curse Since time immemorial, war has been the primitive inception of tragedy. The act of throwing a rifle into the hands of a young man who still maintains his moral constitution and demanding him to commit atrocious acts can scar the consciences of even the most battle hardened of veterans. By the same token, it is said that war has a way of dragging the most civilized of men back into a primal state of mind that compels them to commit morally damaging acts. Even more so, some men carry those moral injuries back home with them in the form of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Nevertheless, if someone is truly eager to comprehend Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, it is absolutely essential that they understand its history,†¦show more content†¦After the American Civil War, a model for physical injury was readily used to help potentially explain the common symptoms of these combat veterans. United States doctor, Jacob Mendez Da Costa, had studied the most common heart problem found amo ng veterans commonly known as Soldier’s Heart (Friedman 5). Dr. Mendez described the troubled breathing, anxiety and rapid heart rate as an overstimulation of the heart’s nervous system (Friedman 5). This diagnosis was later dubbed Da Costa’s Syndrome. Later on during World War I, soldiers around exploding artillery shells often experienced cases of anxiety and sleeplessness. The term Shell Shocked came into fruition to describe these recognizable symptoms (Friedman 7). After studying Vietnam veterans, Holocaust survivors, sexual abuse victims and other cases of troubled souls who have experienced traumatic events, the American Psychiatric Association recognized PTSD as a mental disorder in 1950 (Friedman 11). This inevitably paved the way for even more meticulous research into the disease. Statistically, in regards to the Vietnam War, studies have shown that an estimated 30% of veterans --such as the old man from Facing It-- that have been exposed to the horrors of combat, have been diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Gradus 5). Furthermore, it is estimated that nearly 11 to 20% of combat veterans of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom, which began in the early 2000’s, have beenShow MoreRelatedWar, Deadly Force, And The Bible1876 Words   |  8 Pages In Todd Wagner’s essay on â€Å"War, Deadly Force, and the Bible.† he discusses how to help soldiers called to war to God’s commandment, â€Å"Thou shalt not kill† (Exodus 20:13 KJV). He explains that war, at times, is needed to restrict evil and is not only a divine right but also a responsibility of a nation/government. Wagner quotes Romans 13:1-4 as his reference point for this. â€Å"1Everyone must submit to governing authorities. For all authority comes from God, and those in positions of authority haveRead MoreThe Trauma of Killing Essay2221 Words   |  9 PagesPost-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000), a precursor to PTSD is the experience of an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury to self or others. Grossman (2009) argues that an additional factor, the emotional and spiritual response to killing another human being, also takes a tremendous toll on the mental health of returning soldiers. Forty-eight to sixty–five percent of soldiers returning from Operation EnduringRead MoreSSD2 Module 1 Notes31223 Words   |  125 Pagescause exceptionally grave damage to the nation s national security. Secret You will apply a SECRET classification to an SOP in which the unauthorized disclosure of its contents could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to national security. Top Secret You will apply a TOP SECRET classification to an SOP in which the unauthorized disclosure of its contents could reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation s national security. Secret You will apply a SECRET

Breast Cancer Cancer And Cancer - 1921 Words

Introduction Cancer is a term that every individual on this planet wants to avoid hearing when they go to their yearly check up at the doctors. However, as person ages, they are prone to develop some sort of sickness and most of the time, they could develop cancer of some sort. For this research paper, I am going to go over breast cancer. Breast cancer is a well-known type of cancer with awareness events going on to support both women and men who has breast cancer. According to American Cancer Society, breast cancer is developed when there is a malignant tumor that grows within the cell of the breast, in which it spreads into other tissues or areas of the body (2014). It is important to understand the causation, types, and treatments for breast cancer as it can happen to anyone, man or woman. Before moving onto further breaking down breast cancer, knowing about the normal physiology and anatomy is essential. Normal physiology and anatomy of the breast When the term breast is mention, most individuals will say â€Å"women† but men also have breasts. They are just not developed fully as women. According to Marieb and Hoehn (2016), the breast is actually a layer of skin covering the mammary glands, which is the essential part in containing other smaller components. From the layer of breast, there is the nipple that is covered by a pigmented skin called the areola, which is responsible for produces sebum that reduces cracking of the nipple’s skin. Moving further into the breastShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a carcinoma that develops due to malignant cells in the breast tissue. Cancerous cells are more likely to produce in the milk-producing ducts and the glands, ductal carcinoma, but in rare cases, breast cancer can develop in the stromal, fatty, tissues or surrounding lymph nodes, especially in the underarm (B reast Cancer). For women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death – behind skin cancer. While treatment or surgeries canRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1346 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling attention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of thisRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesacknowledge the health beings of a women is quite scary knowing that in about 1 in 8 women in the U.S will develop breast cancer. By this year of 2016 going into 20 17 there will approximately be 246,660 cases found. The 20th century is described to be the cancer century. One main cancer I wanted to talk about that has my full attention was breast cancer. The important ways of looking at breast cancer as a tremendous problem is because we are losing our women to this disease. Categorizing the main issues toRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer946 Words   |  4 PagesSkylar Steinman Period 6 Ms. Jobsz 12 February , 2016 Breast Cancer It is commonly known that Breast Cancer is one of the most insidious diseases that mankind has had to deal with. With the discovery of the BRCA1( BReast Cancer gene one) and BRCA2 (BReast Cancer gene two) genes, breast cancer can be detected with a great amount of certainty on a genetic level in some women and men. 40,000 women and men die of breast cancer each year. Knowing this it is very important to try to detect the mutationRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer981 Words   |  4 PagesThe Grand Rounds Research Project: Breast Cancer To hear you have breast cancer can be a very shocking thing. â€Å"Besides skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women in America as of 2015† (breastcancer,2015). First step is to know what you are dealing with when your doctor believes you have cancer, you will want to know what cancer is and how your doctor can detect it. Next your doctor will go over different stages of breast cancer that will help come to a conclusionRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1530 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer† is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or â€Å"malignant tumor†. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the origin al location of the cancer growth or malignant tumor, the tumorRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages Internationally, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women. (CITE) Each year an estimated 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide, and more than 500,000 women will die of the disease. (CITE) According to (CITE), somewhere in the world one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every 19 seconds and more than three women die of breast cancer every five minutes worldwide. (CITE) Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition thatRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1714 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Cancer The twentieth century has often been called and known as the cancer century. The reason being is that throughout the century, there have been more than a hundred types of cancer discovered across the world. In addition to the discovery of these many cancers, there has been an enormous medical effort to fight all kinds of cancer across the world. In the early decades of the century, cancer was considered to be a fatal disease, resulting in a high number of deaths. Although manyRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1372 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer Disease Overview Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (Only skin cancer is more common.) About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Researchers estimate that more than 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2015. Cancers occur when aRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer912 Words   |  4 Pagesinvasive breast cancer in their lifetime. In 2016, a projected 246,660 new cases of invasive breast cancer are estimated to be detected, along with an additional 61,000 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer. There are greater than 2.8 million women with a diagnosis of breast cancer in the United States, including women presently being treated and women who have completed treatment. Research developments over the past twenty years have ultimately alter ed the prognosis of breast cancer care. In

Preparation of Cyclohexanol Free Essays

Introduction: Cyclohexanol is mainly used in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid that is a raw material of nylon 6 (Zhang, et al, 2002). Cyclohexanol can be produce through several methods, which include the oxidation of cyclohexane, the hydration of cyclohexene, or the hydrogenation of phenol (Zhang, et al, 2002). Problem with oxidation of cyclohexene is poor selectivity, extremely large recycles and explosion hazards. We will write a custom essay sample on Preparation of Cyclohexanol or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Suresh, Sridhar, Potter, 1988). The purpose of this experiment was to synthesis cyclohexanol by hydration of cyclohexene using concentrated sulphuric acid as an acidic catalyst. In hydration reaction, C=C B bond is replaced by hydroxyl group (Hornback, 2006). Overall reaction: (McFadden, 2012) In the first step, the mixture of water, concentrated sulphuric acid, and cyclohexene was shaken vigorously until it became a homogenous solution. Followed by, the addition of water, and the distillation process lead to the hydrolysis of the alkene. Finally, addition of diethyl ether to the mixture then distillation took place to be purified and to obtain the final product, cyclohexanol (McFadden, 2012). Diethyl ether was used to extract alcohol from salt-water mixture because diethyl ethers solubility in water is lower than cyclohexanol which helps remove alcohol from the salt-water mixture (Merzougui, A, et al. , 2011). (McFadden, 2012) Cyclohexene is added to water-acid solution, which formed two liquid phases were due to insolubility of cyclohexene in water-acid solution. It is very important that mixture is mixed well to make a homogeneous solution and allow reaction to complete. Cyclohexene was reacted with water and with sulfuric acid to form protonated cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate. Protonated cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate are soluble in water-acid solution (McFadden, 2012). When this mixture is heated, cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate converts to protonated cyclohexanol which is equilibrium with cyclohexanol (McFadden, 2012). Moreover, distillation technique is used to separate components of a liquid mixture, where liquid is boiled to vaporize and then condensed back into liquid called distillate. Distillate components are collected with a lowest-boiling point to highest-boiling point. In this experiment, distillation is used to separate the organic compound from sulphuric acid solution; azeotrope of cyclohexanol and water is formed as distillate, it also contains some cyclohexene components. Azeotrope has a fix boiling point like a pure compound. Cyclohexanol is considerably soluble in water, so poor yield is expected (McFadden, 2012). Addition of sodium chloride to distillate solution improves the final product yield because it reduces the solubility of organic compound, and extracts cyclohexanol from aqueous phase. It is due to salt’s higher solubility than organic compound. Also, anhydrous potassium carbonate is used to absorb water and to neutralize any trace of acid. During distillation of pure cyclohexanol, most of the product should be collected as temperature reaches 161? C (Weast, 1988). This experiment also introduces determination of the refractive index; it is one of the most convenient methods used to determine purity of liquid. It is a ratio of the sine of the angle formed when light ray is bent when passing from an air medium into a liquid medium; in other words it is a ratios of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the liquid medium. Refrective index (n) = C_vaccume/V_medium (McFadden, 2012). At 20Â °C, the expected refractive index of cyclohexanol is 1. 4641 (Weast, 1988). Procedure: The experiment was done in two parts. Part-A was hydration of the alkene, and Part-B was isolation and purification of the cyclohexanol. To perform hydration of alkene, 7. 0mL of water and then 14mL of concentrated sulphuric acid were added to a 125mL Erlenmeyer flask. After that, flask was placed in ice-bath until it was cold to touch. 16. 4g of cyclohexene was added to weighed 250mL round-bottom flask. In the same round-bottom flask, the chilled water-acid mixture was added. In order to mix the solution, the flask was vigorously shaken for 20 minutes. While shaking, regularly stopper was released to prevent any build-up of vapour pressure. After flask was vented and allowed it to stand without disturbing for about 5 minutes. Because two distinct layers appeared, continued shaking for extra 10 minutes until solution was homogeneous. Next, an additional 120mL of distilled water were added in homogeneous solution with addition of 3 boiling chips. The same round-bottom flask was then set onto a distillation apparatus, and started distillation. Distillate was collected into an 125mL Erlenmeyer flask, and boiling point range of azeotrope was noted. Subsequently, 25g NaCl was dissolved to the distillate, but not all salt was dissolved. After that, flask was covered with parafilm (McFadden, 2012). In the next lab, distillate mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. Distillation receiver flask was washed by 20mL diethyl ether, that diethyl ether was then transferred into the separatory funnel. Mixture was allowed to delayer for 3 minutes. Afterwards, bottom aqueous layer was drained into a aqueous waste beaker; and top ether layer was transferred in an another 50mL Erlenmeyer flask which contained 3g of anhydrous potassium carbonate, swirled and allowed the mixture to stand for 15 minutes. Next, no potassium carbonate but only liquid mixture was transferred to round-bottom flask for the distillation. Diethyl ether and cyclohexene were distilled and collected into a flask until it reached 120Â °C, and later discarded in an organic waste. As temperature reached 120Â °C, a clean, dry and pre-weighed flask was replaced to collect final product, cyclohexanol. As soon as flask was replaced, cold water was turned-off and hot water was turned on. Continued to distil until there was no liquid in the distillation flask, and boiling chips started to change colour. Small amount of residue was kept in distillation flask to prevent it from breaking. Finally, cyclohexanol was weighted and from small sample the refractive index was determined (McFadden, 2012). Result: Amount of cyclohexene used = 16. 40g = 16. 40g of C_6 H_10? 1/(82. 143 g/mol)=0. 9965=0. 1997mol of C_6 H_10 Limiting reagent is: Cyclohexene Bp range of azeotrope mixture: 85-95. 4Â °C Literature bp range of azeotrope mixture: 97. 8Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: D-16 Bp range of diethyl ether: 34. 6-41. 6Â °C Literature bp range of diethyl ether: 34. 51Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: Bp range of cyclohexene: 82. 8-90Â °C Literature bp range of cyclohexene: 82-98Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: C-259 Bp range of pure cyclohexanol: 157-161. 0Â °C Literature bp range of cyclohexanol: 161. 1Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: C-257 Weight of pure cyclohexanol = 7. 1g Percent yield = (actual yield (g))/(theoretical yield (g))? 00%=7. 1g/20. 00g? 100%=35. 5% Theoretical yield= (0. 1997mol of C_6 H_10)/? (1 mol of C_6 H_12 O)/(1 mol of C_6 H_10 )? (100. 158 g)/(1 mol of C_6 H_12 O)=20. 00g Refrective index of pure cyclohexanol: raw 1. 4643 at 21. 2Â °C Corrected 1. 4658 at 20Â °C Correcting refractive index: n_D^20=n_D^21+[0. 00045Â °C^(-1)? (21. 2-20Â °C)] =n_D^21+[0. 00045Â °C^(-1)? (1. 2Â °C) =1. 4643+[0. 00054] =1. 46484=1. 4648 Refractive Percent yield error: ((1. 4648-1. 4641))/1. 4641? 100%=0. 05% Literature refrective index of cyclohexanol: 1. 4641 at 20Â °C Edition of CRC: 53rd; page: C-257 Dis cussion: Before reaching a concrete conclusion, it is very important to interpret the result that was obtained in this experiment. In this experiment, cyclohexene was hydrated to produce cyclohexanol; because the direct hydration of cyclohexene is very slow, concentrated sulphuric acid as an acidic catalyst is used to speed up the reaction (McFadden, 2012). When cyclohexene was reacted with water and concentrated sulphuric acid, dark homogenous solution was formed from colourless heterogeneous mixture. The reaction was cyclohexene ? protonated cyclohexanol + cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate. Both of hese products were soluble in water-acid solution, therefore reaction could go to completion (McFadden, 2012). Moreover, azeotrope of cyclohexanol and water was a positive azeotrope which means boiling point of azeotrope was less than the boiling point of cyclohexanol and water. Moreover, distillation process can prevent side reactions and by removing the products it shifts equilibrium on right hand si de to increase percent yield; however, it is not enough to improve percent yield. Cyclohexanol is soluble in water; so addition of NaCl forces cyclohexanol to leave aqueous phase into organic phase. By reducing its solubility in water, NaCl molecules were holding water molecules. It is due to NaCl’s stronger attraction to water than cyclohexanol; solubility of NaCl in water is 360g/L, and solubility of cyclohexanol in water is 36. 0g/L (Weast, 1988). It is a great way to separate azeotrope into different components. However, enough salt is necessary to make solution saturated to separate all cyclohexanol from aqueous solution; for example, 45. 72g of NaCl is needed to make solution saturated in 127mL of water. Required salt can be calculated by multiplying solubility of salt in water with given volume. In part B, there was cyclohexanol found in the condenser because temperature of water running in the condenser was low compare to melting point of cyclohexanol, which is 24Â °C; so some of the cyclohexanol was stuck on the inner-surface of the condenser. Cold-water was turned off, and hot-water turned on when cyclohexanol was collecting during distillation process to remove the cyclohexanol from the surface of condenser and used in the final product. The result shows that the percent yield is 35. 5%. As expected percent yield is low because the strong acidic conditions and solubility of cyclohexanol in water (Hornback, 2006). Observed reflective index is very close to literature value of reflective index of cyclohexanol, which tells that product is pure but there is still some impurities. The result is also due to inefficient experiment procedures. This experiment required precise measurements of data in order to obtain accurate results. But, there are many possible sources of experimental error when performing this experiment. Firstly, if water-acid solution was not cooled enough to add cyclohexene, then some of the cyclohexene have evaporated. Cyclohexene is a limiting reagent meaning it will affect the overall weight of cyclohexanol by reducing the amount. Secondly, not using properly clean and dried equipments may affect on reactants’ activities, such as a flask, beaker, graduated cylinders. Thirdly, solution was not homogeneous; in other words, failing to mix properly for the reaction to go to completion. It was hard to judge due to very dark colour of the solution. If reaction was not fully reacted means not all cyclohexene were reacted to form protonated cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate. Fourthly, some potassium carbonate may have entered in distillation flask which resulted in reverse reaction causing to lose more cyclohexanol. Fifthly, a small amount of product might be lost when transferring from one container to another. Sixthly, some cyclohexanol was left in round-bottom flask in order to prevent the round-bottom flask from breaking due to over-drying or over-heating. There are a few methods that would improve the accuracy of the experiments, if considered and followed with care. While recording the volume from the graduated cylinder the goal is to look for at the curve on the top of a standing body of liquid. Before experiment takes place make sure to clean all equipments that are going to be used throughout experiment to avoid any beside reactions in the experiment that may affect the final result. When transferring from one flask to other, sometimes filter paper would be a better solution to prevent unwanted product from entering into a reaction flask, and to prevent any reverse reaction to occur, such as potassium carbonate. Conclusion: In this paper, distillation process for the indirect hydration of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol using sulphuric acid as an acidic catalyst is demonstrated. In the hydration process, double bond of cyclohexene is replaced by the hydroxyl group to form alcohol. Obtain reflective index of cyclohexanol is 1. 4648, and the literature value of reflective index of cyclohexanol is 1. 4641at 20Â °C; which shows that final product was very pure. The result also showed that the percent yield is only 35. 5%, it is due to the strongly acidic conditions and solubility of cyclohexanol. How to cite Preparation of Cyclohexanol, Papers

Complimentary Medicinal System-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucuss about the Complimentary Medicinal System arrangement with typical Primary Care Services in Sri Lankan and Australia. Answer: Introduction The emerging trend of shift in nature and course of diseases and an aging population have contributed to the need of therapeutic approaches that can provide comprehensive form of treatment. Complementary medicine refers to the group of diagnostic and therapeutic disciplines that when applied in adjunct with conventional medicines promotes patient wellbeign and health[1]. A rich pool of research indicates that the western medicine arena does not rely on this form of therapeutics. It can be highlighted that complementary medicines, such as aromatherapy and meditation, encompasse a diverse range of systems and practices of heathcare that have not been embraced by the mainstream western medicine for numerous reasons embedded in social, cultural and economic systems. Based on this fact it can be stated that successful and adequate complimentary medicinal system in health service delivery still remains challenging[2]. The complimentary medicinal system arrangement in health service delivery in Sri Lanka and Australia are distinct from each other and set a suitable background for undertaking a comparison between the two. Below are the statistics of the two countries that set the plartform for a comparison between the two[3]. Sri Lanka Australia Area 65,610 square kilometers 7,692,024 square kilometers Population 21,203,000 as per 2016 estimate 23,401,892 as per 2016 estimate Life expectancy 77.9 years at birth 79.5 years at birth Literacy rate 92.5% 99% GDP Total $ 278.415 billion as per 2017 estimate Total $1.39 trillion aas per 2017 estimate Income group Upper Middle Income High income country Human development index 0.757 in 2014 0.939 in 2015 The present paper is a comparative analysis of the complimentary medicinal system arrangement with typical primary care services in Sri Lanka and Australia. The paper has a brief section on the analytical framework that would be undertaken for the analysis. The next section would have a comparison between the types of services provided in complimentary medicine by these two countries. The subsequent part of the paper would highlight the differences in complimentary medicine integration with primary care services in these two countries. Reasons for inter-country similarities and differences would be discussed with the help of relevant contextual ideas. Recommendations for both countries would be provided thereafter with a key focus on changes in economic models and policy reforms for better care service delivery. A logical conclusion of the complete paper would bring an end to the paper. Description of analytical framework The comparison of the types of services in complementary medicine and of the complementary medicinal integration with primary care services in the two countries Sri Lanka and Australia is to be done based on a strong foundation. In this regard it would be beneficial to follow a framework that would guide the analysis in a flawless manner[4]. For comparing the types of services delivered in complimentary medicine, a comparison of the costs, policies, quality of service delivery and outcomes would be analysed. For comparing the integration of the complimentary medicinal arrangement into primary care services, it would be advisable to analyse the acceptability, equity and impact on access to healthcare services. Key insights on these particular aspects would be drawn after reviewing the host of rich literature and presented in a tabular manner. Comparison of types of services in complimentary medicine between two countries in table form Sri Lanka Australia Costs The health sector of the country has contributed to a considerable extent to the economic development of the country. The country is placed at an advanced position that many other countries have not been able to acquire. The healthcare sector has gained achievements that have been financed through the combination of out-of-pocket payments and general taxation. The different sources of healthcare funding include five main methods of funding. These are general taxation to the municipality, counry or state; social health insurance; private or voluntary health insurance; out of pocket payments and donations to charities. The noteworthy factor is that the heath care system of the country consists of both public and private care services; however the government plays the major role in acting as the main healthcare provider. Though the care system has free services at many ends, it deviates from the quality of care required[5]. Private health insurance ancillary cover complementary therapies. In the year 2005, 61% of patients received ancillary coverage. The majority of the public health care services are provided by the government which is funded by the combination of different payment systems of the government. States and territories also contribute form their fiscal resources[6] Policy As per the National Essential Medicines list of the country, categories of medicines are divided into essential and complementary levels. The national DRA has updated the national EML which has a list of core essential and complementary drugs. The popularity of complementary medicines hve led to the promulgation of the Indigenous Medicine Ordinance in the year 1941. Off late, the Department of Ayush had been established within the Ministry of Health by the ayurveda Act 31 in 1961. Further, the Ayrvedic Physicians Professional Conduct Rules set in 1971 have been prominent. In 1980, initiatives were taken for seting up the Ministry of Indigeous Medicine that was responsible of overseeing traditional medical hospitals providing care at affordable costs. In 1994 the Cabinet Ministry for Indigenous Medicine was set. In 1970 the Homeopathy Act recognised homeopathy as an effective medicine system. Subsequently, the homeopathic council was set[7]. The potential of complementary medicine to combat a wide range of national economic and health priorities has been reinforced by the leading focus being placed by Government n prevention, intervention and self-care. All of these align with the complementary medicine approach. The increasing use of complementary medicines by the common population has made policy makrs bring reforms in how this mode of treatment is included in practice. Recently, the Federal Department of Health and Aging (DOHA) have reviewed on the Australian Government Rebate on Private Health Insurance for Natural Therapies. Further, the Australias National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) have taken up initiatives to assist health consumers in making decisions around healthcare by considering complimentary medicines[8]. Seven of the countrys territories grant allopathic physicians the monopoly on medical acre by restricting the practice of medicine by persons who are not qualified. The country has a long history of initiatives taken by proponents of complimentary medicines. The Medical Act of 1894 prohibits individuals other than allopathic practitioners from practising medicine. In 1974, the Australian Parliament set up the Committee of Inquiry into different forms of complementary medicines. In 1998 there was the establishment of the Therapeutic Goods Administration for providing the national framework for regulation of therapeutic goods in the country. The Complementary Medicines Evaluation Committee acknowledges two types of proof to agree to claims on therapeutic goods: scientific evidence and traditional use[9]. Quality of services delivered Healthcare for the people is delivered in an organised manner through private and public sector that includes practising within the western system of medicine as well as traditional system of medicine[10]. As per the census, around 8600 professionals were working as complementary health therapists in the year 2006. This was actually about 80% higher than the number of professionals employed in the year 1996. The leading professionals are chiropractors, naturopaths and osteopaths. The health complications mainly addressed by this medicine are arthritis, asthma, cancer, injuries, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, digestive disease, multiple sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, mental health and behavioural problems[11]. Outcomes of services Research indicates that the use of compelementary medicines have been more in treatment of conditions such as cancer. religious practices have gained more pirminence as a result of such practices. Patients consider referring to complementary therapy professionals soon after facing complications after being treated by western medicinal systems. Patients receiving services from this group of services are mainly older than the common patient population. however, the highest proportion of patient population for such services are mainly between the age 25 and 64 years. One of the concerns that prevail is that patients might undergo risky treatments from the mainstream health system. Comparison of complementary medicine integration with primary care services in table form Sri Lanka Australia Acceptability There remains an ambiguity and abscence of clarity regarding the coordinated responses given by the public. The response is not coordinated, hindering tthe better understanding its applicability. There is much to be knwon of the details of complimentary medicine use, the characteristics of the users and motivations that act as a driving for using complementary medicines. Research has indicated that motivational factors are strong in this country for using this form of medicines[12]. In the last one decade the NSW ministry for Science and Medical research have commissioned reviews of the complementary medicine research and gained a better understanding of the sectoral opportunities. Coming to population data, there is a lower level of acceptance of complementary medicine among older people. Older patients have dissimilar priorities for treatment as compared to the younger population since their health is worse on an average while the income is significantly lower[13]. pull and push factors have been highlighted that act as driving factors for complimentary medicine. Patient interaction with conventionl health system have at times highlighted unsatisfactory results from conventional therapy. Patients who have embraced the form of medicine perceive it as a holistic tool for health care. In addition, they perceive the medicine to be an aid for preventive therapy[14]. The therapeutic value as an adjunctive therapy has also been highlighted by this population. there i s also an aligment with the personal belief system the focuses on the medicine approach as being safe[15]. Equity 60-70% of the rural population have been found to depend on natural or complementary medicine for their primary health care[16]. Research indicates that female patients use compelimtneray medicines more than men. Futrther, female users are more likely to fall into the category of being middleaged. They also have higer annual income and higher education level. The Caucasian population have more tendency to use complementary medicines. In certain, the urge to refer to manual therapies such as consultations with a massage therapist or chiropractor are more common amongst rural populations[17] Impact on access to healthcare services The Sri Lanka population has shown more intrest in using herbal dietary supplementation as a fom of complimentary medicines. Some professionals under complimentary medicines as well as products are regulated by the eminent government bodies. However, at levels beyond that, most provisions for complimentary medicines are unregulated and informal. These are not integrated into the conventional healthcare frameworks. Since the use of complimentary medicine is growing in Sri Lanka, policy makers must respond adequately and in a meaningful manner to this component of healthcare system[18] . An issue related to integration of complimentary therapy is the use of minerals and vitamins and natural and herbal medicines. Population of the rural areas have more likelihood of using complimentary medicines. However, access to suitable care services remain a key issue for this population. healthcare practitioners have been showing interest to use complementary medicines as part of their traditional system[19]. Description of complimentary medicinal system arranegment in two countries Australia is now found to be well placed for undertaking further research on complementary medicine and become a leader in evidence-based complementary medicine treatment, services and products on an international basis. Nationally, an estimated $2.3 billion was spent in the year 2000 by Australians on complementary medicine (CM) products and therapists. Australia has been found to hold a strong reputation for fostering mainstream health and medical research that also considers a well-respected approach to complementary medicines. Complementary therapies have become increasingly popular in the last few decades. There was an initial congruence with the enthusiasm for having an alternate lifestyle. The status of this form of medicine has been re-visited in different areas, such as legal regulation, inclusion in medical education, stances of physicians association and scientific research[20]. A number of universities in the country have been teaching courses on complimentary medicines t hat include the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, the University of Technology in Sydney, and the Victoria University of Technology. The main subjects include Chinese medicine, naturopathy and acupuncture[21]. Sri Lanka is still lagging behind in using complimentary medicines on a substantial basis across the communities. The involvement in managing, providing and organising this form of services is to be made mindful of the use of complimentary medicine. The translation of theory into practice is far from accurate in this country. The concerned authority has restricted the use of this valuable medicinal form in adjunct to conventional treatment options. A large section of the population is waiting for the wider practice of complimentary medicine that is based on research shreds of evidence pointing out the safety, effectiveness and coordination of complimentary medicines. Traditional medicines are considered as an integral part of the healthcare delivery system in Sri Lanka[22]. The most common form of complementary medicine practised in this country is Ayurveda. In light of the inclusion of this subject in the educational domain, it is to be noted that less number of universities are eng aging in providing qualifications through training and courses. One of the prominent university in this field is the Institute of Indigenous Medicine at the University of Colombo. There is a consistent and rich pool of literature that highlight that Sri Lanka does not optimally utilise the potential therapists and products of the field of complementary medicine[23]. The focus given by the government is to be made more sharper for including the wider contexts of complementary medicines into primary health care[24]. The country lacks research and a strong evidence base that can act as the driving force behind implementation of the therapies and procedures in accordance with safety and efficacy guidelines. However, it is to be noted that there remains a significant amount of interest from the publics end in understanding how best can complimentary medicines be used for addressing the wide range of disease[25]. Reasons for inter-country similarities and differences The reasons for similarities and differences between Sri Lanka and Australia in context of integrating complementary medicines in primary healthcare can be attributed to a number of factors hailing from cultural, historical, demographic and financial arrangements. Australia has a prime location as compared to Sri Lanka. Since it is located in the Asia-Pacific region and has the available expertise, the likelihood of having advanced infrastructure is more in Australia as compared to Sri Lanka. Australia also as an attractive environment for undertaking different clinical trials that act as a stepping stone to the European and US markets. The strength of research infrastructure needs special mention which is not present in case of Sri Lanka. The economic base of Australia is capable of supporting the sector growth for complimentary medicines. Development of appropriate metrices provides is witnessed in Australia that provides a suitable picture of value, capacity activity revolving around complimentary medicines. Sri Lanka shows more keenness to use complimentary medicines on a larger scale and integrate the same into primary healthcare services. The historical background of Sri Lanka is rich when it comes to use of traditional medicines.The cou ntry has a unique and praiseworthy history with regards to the complimentary medicine practice[26]. The different forms of indigenous medicines in Sri Lanka include Siddha, Ayurveda and Unani, all of which are not cultivated in other parts of the globe, including Australia. All these systems are widely practised in Sri Lanka. However, in spite of the wide practice and availability over time, the domain of traditional medical stream has been known to keep away complimentary medicine. This has thereby hindered the chances of useful research that augment interventions. Complementary medicines are known to be a form of diagnosis, treatment and prevention tool that complements the mainstream treatment approach through contribution to a satisfying and whole conceptual framework of medicine. These are also to be perceived as holistic medicines that address a number of health complications such as diabetes, drug addiction, and cancer. Some examples of noteworthy complimentary medicines include acupuncture, aromatherapy, naturopathy, reiki and herbal medicines. The underlying principle is that the body is able to heal itself when the healthy state is maintained and that the whole person is to be treated instead of the disease[27]. Integration of complementary medicines in primary healthcare services would be highly appreciable for diversifying the approaches used for treating patients with multifactoral and multidimensional health complications. It is worth mentioning that the medicinal and clinical world is facing an undeniable crisis at the present tim es. Reforms in healthcare can only be brought about when unconventional approaches are put at the forefront of scientific discussions[28]. Further, integrating complementary medicines would eliminate dissatisfaction with conventional medical approaches. Prescription medicines have been known to lead to dissatisfaction due to limited success rates. This can also be addressed with complimentary medicines. Moreover, complementary medicines would be appealing when applied to primary healthcare services since the root cause of the health problems can be addressed adequately[29]. At this juncture, it would be advisable to highlight the concerns emerging in relation to integrating complementary medicines in the primary healthcare system. Firstly, most of the complementary treatment options are still lacking strong standards and dose specifications. The consistency in quality is also far from being accurate. Scientific validation of the treatment options is not in a position to satisfy the criteria for being flawless. Therefore the integration of this form of medicine into the traditional care system would involve the understanding of need gaps in existing form[30]. Recommendation At the core of the recommendations for Sri Lanka and Australia lies the concept that the present scenario in the two countries regarding integration of complementary medicines into primary health system is complementary to each other. While the acceptability of complementary medicine is more in Sri Lanka, there is much to be done to provide support to such services. The country must learn from Australia the approaches that are to be taken for developing this sector of medicine. Sri Lanka must consider enough funding for carrying out research in this arena. Strong and rigorous research only would ensure that complementary research is integrated into mainstream medicine system. Funding is also required from other non-government sources that can contribute to much growth. A collaborative approach is needed among the different stakeholders for ensuring that research is directed in the proper direction[31] . Both Sri Lanka and Australia have much to attain in terms of integrating complimentary medicine in primary healthcare services. It is recommended that public information and awareness level can only enhance the use of complimentary medicine on a larger scale. Easy and accessible information would serve as the guide for healthcare consumers to consider using complimentary medicines. The government must come forward to educate the public on the importance, value and potential of this form of medicine. Easy-to-access information can be disseminated through mass media as well. For facilitating the use of complimentary medicine, healthcare professionals must also come forward and join hand with public initiatives. Since care professionals play a key role in educating the public, they are to be trained and given formal instructions to impart education on complimentary medicine. Advice is given to the governments of the two countries to include institutional level education on complimentary medicines. Universities should start teaching courses on this subject so that a large pool of professionals is created who can cater the diverse needs of the increasing patient population. Structures and processes of education at the university and research level need to be considered for revision if better outcomes are to be achieved in this regard[32] . Conclusion Scientific and empirical research has time and again pointed out the benefits of integrating complementary medicine into primary healthcare services. The literature supports the benefits and advantages of such form of medicine including manual therapies, herbal medicine, acupuncture for treating mild and chronic disease alike. The effectiveness of such medicines and approaches have been demonstrated through laboratory experiments as well as clinical trials. From a comparative analysis of Sri Lanka and Australia, it has been highlighted that though both the countries have shown an intention to integrate complementary medicine, Australis has shown more achievements in this field in comparison to Sri Lanka. The cultural and social context of using complementary medicine is more predominant in Sri Lanka; however, the country has not been successful in taking this forward in the contemporary era. In contrast, Australia has set up a strong base to carry out research on this domain and set an effective market base. Research of international reputation is been carried out in this country that Sri Lanka needs to learn from. The financial system of Australia has a major contribution in this achievement. In light of understanding the utility of complementary medicine, it is recommended that both the countries would benefit much in future if they exploit the potential complementary medicines have. Parallel to research there is a need of disseminating the valuable findings of the research to the public at large. Benefits of using complementary medicine and concerned risk are to be accordingly shared with the wider population. Funding is crucial in this regard. It is hoped that with the advent of modern research tools and initiatives taken by the government, both the countries would be in a tough competition with each other for making a mark on the global scale by successfully integrating complementary medicine into primary healthcare services. References Posadzki P, Watson LK, Alotaibi A, Ernst E. Prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by patients/consumers in the UK: systematic review of surveys. Clinical Medicine. 2013 Apr 1;13(2):126-31. Belletti G, Shorofi SA, Arbon P, Dal Molin A. Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Italian Validation of a Questionnaire on Nurses' Personal and Professional Use, Knowledge, and Attitudes. Journal of Nursing Measurement. 2017 Aug 1;25(2):292-304 Lutz W, Butz WP, Samir KE, editors. World Population Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century: An Overview. Oxford University Press; 2017 Sep 21. McCormack B, van Dulmen S, Eide H, Skovdahl K, Eide T. Person?Centredness in Healthcare Policy, Practice and Research. Person?Centred Healthcare Research. 2017 Jul 25:3-17. Health care financing in sri lanka: challenges and alternatives. Institute of policy studies of sri lanka; 2016. Bensoussan A, Myers S, Cooke M, Cheras P. Complementary Medicine Research a snapshot. The NSW Ministry for Science Medical Research; 2005. Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review. WHO; 2001. Supplementary information from medicines Australia. Pharmaceutical benefits scheme bill; 2010. Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review. WHO; 2001. Medicines In Health Care Delivery: Sri Lanka Situational Analysis. WHO; 2015. Australian Social Trends: Complementary therapies. Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2008. Broom A, Wijewardena K, Sibbritt D, Adams J, Nayar KR. The use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine in Sri Lankan cancer care: results from a survey of 500 cancer patients. Public Health. 2010 Apr 30;124(4):232-7 Information Use and Needs of Complementary Medicines Users. National Prescribing Services Limited Australia; 2008. Bensoussan A, Myers S, Cooke M, Cheras P. Complementary Medicine Research a snapshot. The NSW Ministry for Science Medical Research; 2005. von Conrady DM, Bonney A. Patterns of complementary and alternative medicine use and health literacy in general practice patients in urban and regional Australia. Australian Family Physician. 2017 May;46(5):315 Rannan-Eliya R. Sri Lankas Health System Achievements and Challenges. Institute for Health Policy Sri Lanka; 2006. Medagama AB, Bandara R, Abeysekera RA, Imbulpitiya B, Pushpakumari T. Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAMs) among type 2 diabetes patients in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional survey. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2014 Oct 4;14(1):374. Medicines in Health Care Delivery: Sri Lanka Situational Analysis. WHO; 2015. Reid R, Steel A, Wardle J, Trubody A, Adams J. Complementary medicine use by the Australian population: a critical mixed studies systematic review of utilisation, perceptions and factors associated with use. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2016 Jun 11;16(1):176. Complementary Medicine Research Activity Capacity: researcher audit update. NICM; 2008. Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review. WHO; 2001. Medicines In Health Care Delivery: Sri Lanka Situational Analysis. WHO; 2015. The Health Sector of Sri Lanka. PwC; 2014. Health care financing in sri lanka: challenges and alternatives. Institute of policy studies of sri lanka; 2016. Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review. WHO; 2001. Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review. WHO; 2001. Coelho HF, Canter PH, Ernst E. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: evaluating current evidence and informing future research. Jarvis A, Perry R, Smith D, Terry R, Peters S. General practitioners' beliefs about the clinical utility of complementary and alternative medicine. Primary health care research development. 2015 Jul 1;16(3):246. Kaltz B, Sander C. Relevance for Patients-Naturopathy and Complementary Medicine in medical Forschende Komplementarmedizin. 2016 Jan 1;23(3):186-91. Micozzi MS. Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014 Nov 20. Kelner M. Complementary and alternative medicine: challenge and change. Routledge; 2014 May 12. Walker BR, Colledge NR. Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013 Dec 6.

Northwestern University Admission Essay Help

Northwestern University Admission Essay Help Essay Promts Admission Essay requirements Personal Essay is required for undergraduate admisssions. Applicants to Northwestern complete two essays: the Common Application essay and the Northwestern Writing Supplement essay. The suggested word limit guideline gives you the chance to answer each question in detail, while also challenging you to write in a concise and clear manner. In the Northwestern Writing Supplement, we ask students to explain why they would like to attend Northwestern. This question is intentionally open-ended. You may choose one or several aspects of Northwestern to focus your writing, though the majority of the essay’s content should relate to your own interests or experiences. Admission essay/personal statement prompts Personal essay TIP: Essays are an opportunity – they are one of the few sections of your application that you can manage right now, rather than being dependent on your past performance. Essay writing is an excellent opportunity for personal expression and original thought. Office of Admissions Contacts Office of Undergraduate Admission 1801 Hinman Avenue Evanston, IL 60208 (847) 491-7271   LinkedIn University Ranking for Media ProfessionalsGraduate  #3 for Media ProfessionalsUndergraduate  #5 for MarketersUndergraduate  #9 for Investment BankersUndergraduate  #24 Alumni statistics Where they live Greater Chicago Area 44,925 Greater New York City Area 10,320 San Francisco Bay Area 6,985 Greater Los Angeles Area 5,008 Washington D.C. Metro Area 4,813 Where they work Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine 399 Google 366 Accenture 358 Deloitte 331 IBM 304 What they do Education 13,851 Media and Communication 12,889 Research 10,134 Entrepreneurship 9,009 Healthcare Services 7,773 Consulting 6,757 Marketing 6,711 Operations 6,618 What they studied Economics 12,040 Journalism 9,492 Marketing 7,586 Political Science and Government 7,194 Psychology 6,697 Communication, General 5,607 English Language and Literature/Letters 5,372 History 5,279 What they’re skilled at Public Speaking 22,265 Research 22,152 Leadership 21,725 Social Media 20,276 Management 19,636 Microsoft Office 18,974 Strategic Planning 17,845 Editing 15,918 Daniel Roth Executive Editor at LinkedIn Senior Editor at Fortune Magazine Managing Editor, Fortune.com at Fortune Magazine Senior Writer at Condà © Nast Portfolio BSJ, Journalism, Economics, Linguistics Nancy Kruse Menu Maven and Trend Tracker; President, The Kruse Company Executive Vice President at Technomic, Inc. President at The Kruse Company Contributing Editor at Nations Restaurant News M.A., Film Amy Chen Editor at LinkedIn Online Editor, Travel at Frommers.com Community Manager at LinkedIn Freelance Writer: travel, personal finance, gear, tech, health, how-to at Money magazine, Real Simple magazine, and more B.S., Journalism 2000 – 2004 Liz Ryan Founder and CEO, Human Workplace Columnist, Denver Post at The Denver Post VP HR at USRobotics Vocal coach for Sound of Music at Thompson School District MS, Communications 1990 – 2002   Recommendations to apply I got more than a Computer Science Education at Northwestern Yes, academically, Northwestern is well known to be a challenging school. And, I learned a lot about Computer Science and other subjects. And, I got a lot more out of my 4 years in Evanston. I met my closest friends and partners at NU, including my wife. I made my first web page in the EE computer room. I gained a lot of credibility just from Northwesterns name on my diploma. I learned that I was not cut out to be a professional bassoon player. I played pickup basketball as often as I liked (pretty often.) Im a big fan of higher education in general and an even bigger fan of my alma-mater. If youre curious about NU and want to talk, feel free to connect. Tom Resing Web Communications Consultant Public Speaker, Published Author, Microsoft and Jive SME Yes, academically, Northwestern is well known to be a challenging school. And, I learned a lot about Computer Science and other subjects. And, I got a lot more out of my 4 years in Evanston. I met my closest friends and partners at NU, including my wife. I made my first web page in the EE computer room. I gained a lot of credibility just from Northwesterns name on my diploma. I learned that I was not cut out to be a professional bassoon player. I played pickup basketball as often as I liked (pretty often.) Im a big fan of higher education in general and an even bigger fan of my alma-mater. If youre curious about NU and want to talk, feel free to connect. Web Communications Consultant Public Speaker, Published Author, Microsoft and Jive SME 1993 – 1997, BS

How to Reference an Edited Book †APA Style

How to Reference an Edited Book – APA Style How to Reference an Edited Book – APA Style Even if you’re familiar with the basics of the American Psychological Society (APA) style guide, referencing different source types can be tricky to master. But since clear and consistent referencing is essential to academic writing, this isn’t something you can ignore. Having a professional check your work is one way to ensure that nothing goes awry with your citations. Herein we offer a little advice on how to reference edited volumes using APA style. APA Style and Edited Volumes The APA system is commonly used for academic texts in the social sciences. A general author–date format is utilized for in-text citations, with full publication details included in an alphabetically ordered reference list at the end of your paper. Referencing edited books, such as collected volumes of essays, differs from referencing other printed books when using APA style citations. Citing a Chapter The information required when citing a single chapter from an edited volume is as follows: Author Name, Initial(s). (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor Name (Ed.), Title of book (page numbers). Place of Publication: Publisher. For instance, this would look something like the following: Author, A. (2007). My essay. In A. N. Editor (Ed.), Editing a collection: Adventures in anthologies (pp. 6-12). New York: PMP Publications. Its important to note that it is the author you cite in the main text of your paper when referencing a single chapter. Citing a Whole Book When citing the volume as a whole, the editor’s name and initials should be included in place of the author’s: Editor’s Surname, Initial(s). (Ed.) (Year). Title: Subtitle. Place of publication: Publisher. The abbreviation â€Å"(Ed.)† is included in parentheses to indicate that this is an edited volume. In the reference list, this would appear as: Editor, A. N. (Ed.) (2007). Editing a collection: Adventures in anthologies. New York: PMP Publications. A text with two or more editors simply requires that you include all of the editors’ names in the reference. Editor, A. N., Compiler, B. A. (Eds.) (1986). Collected works. New York: PMP Publications. If youre citing an entire edited volume like this, make sure to give the editors name in your in-text citations. Edited Volumes with a Single Author When referencing an edited collection of writing by one author, such as a poetry anthology, the author’s name should be used for the primary reference and the editor’s name should be included after the title: Wordsmith, A. (1974). Wordsmith: A collection. A. N. Editor (Ed.). New York: PMP Publications. The in-text citations accompanying this reference would then use the author’s name: To quote one poet (Wordsmith, 2013), â€Å"Poetry is more than just rhyming† (p. 12).

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example The interests of the developed countries have not only remained protected, but have further explored. The level of competition has never distracted the economic and trade activities of the developed countries, much because the level of competition among the developed countries is diluted. Dell (2001) has concluded that the globalization has however resulted in the era of greater interdependence of the economies due to the provisions of the free trade and relaxed taxation policy, therefore the pace of political and economic convergence increased dramatically over the past few decades as states appear increasingly similar in terms of their political structures and economic functions. In the view of the above listed facts, the US Presidential candidates Republican John McCain and Democrat Obama have emerged in the field in quest for the presidential throne. Roger (2008) has supported Obama’s stand, the presidential nominee has adopted liberal economic policies with non-specific mentioned of taxation policies. Roger (2008) reported that the Democrat candidate, globalization of economy has weakened the states, control over their societies; thus, globalization promotes civil liberties and, eventually, democracy, through socioeconomic development, and this caused has resulted in the independence of the United states, therefore the globalization commenced soon after the independence of the United states, the integration of national economies into the global market place has served as a catalyst to the states political liberalization Republican Senator McCain has warned that the globalization has certain limitations; however the extent of those has diminished with the passage of time. Tom (2008) reported that the convergence on the economic and trade agenda has motivated the United States to develop mutual and cordial understanding with the developing countries, and such collaboration has

Managing and Leading Change_2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing and Leading Change_2 - Assignment Example Furthermore, the article pertains to the organization’s management for meeting complex requirements of the clients as well as the newly purchased ‘Global Advertising Giant Publicis Group SA’. A clear vision along with specific strategy may be required for the successful implementation of the change in processes and the expected result of that change. It is a fact that successful management that leading of change requires the active participation of all the relevant stakeholders (Myatt, 2012). Critical Evaluation The phenomenon of change is highly crucial. Therefore, the ability of managing and leading change is of incredible paramount importance. Keeping in view the fact, the Fallon took various steps to implement change successfully. In this regards, one of the positive initiatives of the organization is to acquire the five page manifesto and this step was taken by the Anne Bologna, planning director of Fallon's Minneapolis office. Moreover, in order to implement the manifesto, the organization has selected high level managers having multiple capabilities and skills. Overall, this scheme follows one (1) of the guidelines for the successful implementation of the change i-e creating urgency and making it feel that the change is going to be implemented. Moreover, the article specifies that the employees of the organization developed an alliance to implement change and this was one of the positive steps undertaken by the organization. Moreover, the Planning Director of the Fallon Worldwide took a step of drafting five (5) pages Manifesto for clearing the vision of the employee. Not only this, there is another guideline for implementing change is to communicate your change vision to all the employees to have their buy in; the same has been done by the employees of the Fallon Worldwide. Therefore, it can be stated that these other positive steps undertaken by the organization (BusinessBalss, 2013). However, on the other hand, there are weak point s as well or it can be said that there are certain other guidelines for implementing and managing change which have not been undertaken by the organization. It is vital to implement the change as soon as possible by creating and giving it high priority, but it has been observed that it took a year to the Fallon Worldwide for understanding the urgency of the matter (Kotter, 2012). Moreover, it is important for a leader (change implementer) to empower his / her subordinates to take extraordinary actions to bring about the desired change. In order to bring about a long term change, it is highly crucial that the leader should focus to attain short term goals. And these short term goals would always facilitate to achieve the long term goals. The Fallon Worldwide organization misses these points while implementing change and these were not only the guidelines which were not followed by the organization. In addition, apart from the article under discussion, there are guidelines for impleme nting change in an organization includes: the leader should never give up and change requires defying against all the odds and constantly motivating people to do the best. A good leader is the one that keeps on increasing the number of tasks so that subordinates keep motivated. Example of the Hotel Implementing Change In order to strengthen the above given analysis, a real story of an organization

Animal paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Animal paper - Essay Example Oftentimes this methodical rise and descent is accented by one or two acrobatic flips into the ocean air. Instrument + Range Although difficult to express the range of actions and shades of feelings, for this particular animal and the actions it undertakes in a given day I believe a bass violin would be the best instrument to suit this purpose. In this way the low bass would symbolize the size and strength of the animal whereas the higher tenor sounds that could be generated along the upper reaches of the fingerboard could help to symbolize the shades of meaning, and thrill that the animal must feel when it rises to the surface and/or jumps into the ocean air. Musical Dynamics Not surprisingly, the musical style must take on the dynamics of power, suspense, and thrill in order to accurately represent the actions of the cheetah. As such, the best model with which to do all of these things would be that of the classical symphony. The style and musical presence that could be provided wo uld be sufficient to paint the mood and the strength that the animal engenders. Although some might consider the dynamics to necessarily be mundane due to the fact that the animal is not one of a great deal of action; however, this could be countered by the magnificence and power that the animal displays in all of its movements. Rather than a piece that relies on the integrated speed and tempo fast action, the work could display a broad use of building dynamics coupled with crescendos and decrescendos and progressions in order to achieve the desired result. Texture Although the entire symphony would be utilized, the string sections would be relied upon to the greatest degree to provide the listener with the sense of a rush and climb and subsequent descent that would be manifest . Likewise, as the animal approaches the surface, the texture would fill to provide use of all violins, cellos, and bass violins to provide the sense that the desired goal and/or action is nearly completed. L ikewise, with the jump into the ocean air, I would employ use of the first violin section with the brass. This would be affected by having the violins run a quick progression of notes to indicate the jump then suspend their music while the brass section provides a powerful solitary note to be concluded by a strong conclusion of the action by the cymbals/percussion section. Rhythm Section As described multiple times already, it will be up to the individual musical elements to help to describe the power, magnificence, and strength of the whale (Rothenberg, 2012). However, the rhythm section will be relied up on heavily to provide the listener with the accompany actions that the whale undertakes. Likewise, the timpani will be used to emphasize the power and strength that are exhibited in nearly every action. Further percussion will serve to accent the movements and activities to include the jump and subsequent crash back into the ocean water. Likewise, a snare drum could easily be used to denote the release of the oxygen the whale has been holding in its lungs for such a very long period of time. Melody Style In this piece the melody style that will be employed will be that of a conjunct melody. By using such a means of melodical expressions, the slow, methodical, graceful, and majestic movements that the whale makes during its ascent and subsequent descent could be amplified to the listener. Likewise, the pitch of the melody will necessarily

Water Supply And Pollution In Singapore

Water Supply And Pollution In Singapore Water is the most essential needs for living things, some countries like Mexico and Egypt are able to obtain clean water easily, however it is a life or death issue in many countries in the world. One of the counties that used to have a water problem is Singapore. Singapore is an island and urban city state which had problems with water in its early days. It is because Singapore does not have natural lakes and there is only little land to collect rainwater. However, in the last 4 decades Singapore has proven itself to be a country that successfully deals with water. This essay will discuss about the water related problems in Singapore, how the PUB (Public Utilities Board) as the Singapores national water agency overcome those problems, and some leadership factors that contribute to the success of PUB in solving the problems. Problems and solutions Water pollution has never been a new phenomenon and it has always been part of the ecological system. It can be caused by erosion, siltation of the streams, flood, dead animal, also the increase of human activities, etc. This phenomenon happened in many parts of the world, it happens especially in the developing country and industrial countries. Singapore had also dealt with this problem, water pollution in Singapore was caused by four major factors. First, commercial and industrial location, back in 1960s majority of manufacture was located on south and south west part of the country. These manufactures did not dump their industrial waste into the place that were provided therefore, after a few years Government made a new policies and regulation then asked the manufactures to comply with the requirement. (Hung, C. 1976) Second, hawker and market, a survey in 1969 proved that there were 18000 hawkers island wide. Most of them were using water for their business and contributing a substantial pollution to the rivers. It was estimated that about four million gallons of water waste were discharge to the streams each day. Hence, to overcome this problem those hawkers were resided to the hawker centers where the waste could be drained in the septic tank. (Hung, C. 1976) Next, farm waste, it was also big issues due to water pollution in 1960s since there were large number of farmers rearing pigs and poultry. Primary Production Department estimated that there were 600,000 pigs in Singapore these pigs produced 3 million gallons of excrement per day. Many farmers at that period discharged their farm waste to the river thus, it caused the river to be polluted. In order to control this problem, the small scale of farm would have to be encouraged and farmers were pushed to reuse the water in the farm since water in such farm is for the cleansing of the pig excrements. (Hung, C. 1976) Last but not least, the kitchen waste had also been a problem to the society in 1970s because the water waste was discharge to the open drain also the garbage was dumped into the rivers. Even though those are households waste, these wastes also contributing pollution to the river. To reduce this problem, the government tightened up the regulation such as, disallow the resident for washing their clothes on the concrete apron behind the house, discharges from wash hand basins which usually go into the open drains are prohibited. (Hung, C. 1976) Furthermore, the water engineers in Singapore always monitor the level of the river pollution. They will detect and trace the cause if there is an increase in the level of pollution. In 1979, Singapore was able to monitor 42% of the whole country. (Liu, O. 1979). Water supply has also been a big issue for Singapore, since it is a small country that only has limited water resource Singapore has to carefully plan and encourage the citizen to use the water wisely otherwise, this country could experience a water shortage. Back in 1990, Singapore was experienced an unusual period of dry weather which was caused the reservoir stocks to dropped to 68 percent from 95 percent (Public Utilities Board Annual Report 1990, 31 December 1990, pp 12). In order to prevent history to repeat itself, in recent days Singapore has four major water sources which are called National Taps. National Taps consist of water from Johor, water catchment from reservoir, desalinated water and recycled water called NEWater. Almost half of Singapores water demand was fulfilled by the imported water (water from Johor) the water agreement between these two countries was begun in 1927. These countries made another agreement in 1961, 1962 and 1990, the 1961 agreement will expire o n 2011 while the other two will expire on 2061. Singapore has some water catchment areas those are located in Ang Mo Kio, Bishan, and so on. Water catchment is about collecting water especially rain water and processing the water so that it can be consumed by the society, when this water from water catchment are being used the used water is collected then treated again to produce NEWater. NEWater is the Singapores brand for their recycled water and it also another Singapores water resources. In the present, NEWater is mostly used by industry due to its cheap price and cleanliness moreover, it able to cover 30 percents of the industrys water needs. Another water supply comes from desalination process whereby sea water is collected and treated so that the salt is extracted and the water becomes drinkable water. However, this type of water is not famous among the people compared to the other three sources it is because this type of water is more expensive due to its technology to transform sea water become into drinking water. The challenges that PUB has to deal with are not only how to cope the demand of the society but also how to reduce the demand. As there is an increase in the number of population in Singapore, the demand for water has also increased. In 1950s when the population of Singapore was about 1 million, the daily consumption of water was only 142,000 daily per capita the consumption of water increase by more than 100 percent in 1960 when the population had increased to 1.6 million by 1970s when the population reached 2.4 million, the demand for water had gone up to 262 liters per person per day. However, this is not the only factors that make the demand for water increase. Industrial development and better standard of living are the other factors which make the demand for water raise. In 1950 there were only about 580 industrial organizations with 10 or more workers. In 1970s, the number of industrial company went up to more than 2,900 companies. This made the water consumption increased fro m 50,000 cubic meters to 170,000. Water is still relatively cheap compared the other commodities and with the increase in living standard, people tend to be more liberal with the use of water. (Liu, O. 1979). Today, the population has increased to about 4.6million while water demand has grown 1.3 million cubic meters per capita. To anticipate this problem, PUB tries to seize the use of water through pricing, campaign, promoting and encouraging ownership. Pricing of water is an efficient and effective mechanism in encouraging customers to use water wisely. The water is priced to recover the full cost of its production and to make people realize that the natural supply of this precious resource is decreasing. . The water tariffs and water conservation tax were restructured over a 4-year period, starting in 1997 and it is valid for domestic and non-domestic consumers (except for domestic consumers using more than 40 cubic meters per month. Before 1 July 1997, the first 20 cubic meters of domestic consumption for each household was charged at S$0.56 per cubic meters. The next 20-40 cubic meters were charged at S$0.80 per cubic meters. Non domestic consumption of more than 40 cubic meters per month was charged S$1.17 per cubic meters. From year 2000 onward, domestic consumption of up to 40 cubic meters per month and nondomestic uses were charged at a consistent rate of S$1.17 per cubic meters. For domestic consumption of more than 40 cubic meters per month, the tariff became S$1.40 per cubic meters, which is higher than non-domestic consumption. The earlier cheaper block rate for the first 20 cubic meters of domestic consumption was eliminated. Furthermore, PUB also tries to lower the water usage by conducting a campaign for example, in 24 June 1995 PUB launched a campaign called Save Water Campaign at Bedok waterworks. This campaign was held to make the Singaporean realize that water conservation is vital to their future and also to encourage the community to use the water more prudently and effectively. During the campaign month, seminars on water conservation were given to students and workers, PUB had also invited the students, workers, and community groups to visit the water plants. Moreover, water rationing was also exercised during this campaign. The purpose of this training was to let the Singaporean experienced the difficulties and inconvenience of water shortage. Additionally, PUB also made many advertisements through mass media to make people aware about the campaign. Advertising materials such as, posters stickers, leaflets were distributed island wide. The campaign slogan and logo was also printed in the PUB bill envelopes on that month 155 litres of  water  daily per Singaporean Hung, C. (1976). Water pollution and its control in Singapore. P.100-112

Free Nature vs. Nurture Essay :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Nature vs. Nurture There has always been a large controversy over whether inherited genes or the environment influences and effects our personality, development, behavior, intelligence and ability. This controversy is most often recognized as the nature verses nurture conflict. Some people believe that it is strictly genes that effect our ways of life, others believe that it is the environment that effects us, and some believe that both of these influence our behavior. Either way, social scientists have been struggling for centuries deciding whether our personalities are born or made. Tests are done often on identical twins that were separated to see how they are each influenced by their separate environments. In the past twenty years, it has been discovered that there is a genetic component to every human trait and behavior. However, genetic influence on traits and behavior is partial because genetics account on average for half of the variation of most traits. Urie Bronfrenbrenner, who studies genetics, said, "It is not nature vs. nurture, but the interaction of nature and nurture that drives development." Researchers are finding that the balance between genetic and environmental influences for certain traits change as people get older. Also, people may react to us in a certain way because of a genetically influenced personality and, we may choose certain experiences because they fit best with our instinctive preferences. This means that our experiences may be influenced by our genetic tendencies. One way researchers study the development of traits and behaviors is by measuring the influence of genetics through out ones life span, and it is found to be that the genetic influence on certain trait increase as people age. A research was done to see whether a trait would show up in a child if it was environmentally influenced or genetically influenced. A child was given more negative attention than another was, and it increased the chances of the child having depressive symptoms and anti-social behavior. But these symptoms disappeared when accounted for genetic influences and how parents treat their children. There are three types of gene/environment relations. The first one is called a passive correlation. It is to be explained as, for example, if a musical ability was genetic, and a child was passed a musical ability trait, than the child would most likely have musically inclined parents. Their parents then would provide them with the genes

Innocence and Hostility in Romeo and Juliet and Of Mice and Men Essay

One dictionary defines Innocence as ‘Freedom from sin, moral wrong, or guilt through lack of knowledge of evil. ’ Thus innocence is the state wherein one is, in a sense, pure; free from doubt and dread and woe, unmarred by sorrow or the countless ills running rampant in the world. Innocence is associated with children and animals and nature. But for growth to occur, Innocence must be slain in order for Experience to flourish. This bittersweet transition from child to adult is the natural course of life: one cannot stay innocent forever. Oftentimes, this transition from innocent child to experienced adult occurs in the face of hostility, as in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, where the young lovers, to combat the hatred their families have for one another, sacrifice their love, their innocence, and their lives. This theme exists as well in Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, where George kills Lennie to save him from suffering, and in the doing so, also slays their shared dream of owning land and being free men. In Romeo and Juliet, the hostility between the Capulets and the Montagues creates the conflict that drives the play. This generation-spanning hatred consumes everything it touches: it causes the deaths of Mercutio at the hands of Tybalt, and drives Romeo to avenge his friend’s death by slaying Tybalt in turn. The hostility borne of this act forces Romeo to flee and Juliet to feign death; Romeo, consumed by grief, kills himself, and Juliet upon waking to find her husband dead, does the same. We see that the hostility permeates every aspect of the play. Innocence, symbolized by the young lovers, is ultimately slain by the hostility shared between the two families. In Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, George and Lennie, two farm hands, share a dream to own a piece of land, and in doing so, become free men. George appoints himself caretaker of Lennie, a large, abnormally strong man with the mind of a young child. The hostility that proves the downfall of these two men stems from Curley, the son of the ranch owner. A man possessed of a short temper and a violent streak, his cruelty forces his wife to seek the company of other men. She spends time with Lennie. Warned that her presence causes trouble, he attempts to silence her when she creates a scene, and inadvertently kills her, his actions driven by fear concerning the hostility of Curley. Alarmed by his actions, he flees. The slaying of Innocence occurs when George kills Lennie in order to save him from cruel treatment and death at the hands of Curley and the other men. But in slaying Lennie, George also kills their dream of owning land, and being free men, and his own innocence as well. In both these stories hostility drives the conflict, propelling actions onward to the end, where innocence is slain and experience gleaned. In Romeo and Juliet the death of the two lovers causes the families to ‘grow up,’ and abolish the hatred and hostility between the two houses. In killing themselves the title characters also kill the hostility that led them to their deaths, and though innocence dies, peace is achieved. In Of Mice and Men, the hostility of Curley does not die; what dies is the innocence of a dream and the the innocence of childhood, symbolized by Lennie. George gains experience, he ‘grows up,’ and in doing so realizes the futility of the dream of being free in the face of the hostility of the landowners, as represented by Curley. And so Innocence is slain, and gives way to experience. Hostility remains in the world to aid in that transition. One cannot be Innocent always, and death and tragedy produce lessons one must learn in order to live in the world. Lovers die, as do hopes and dreams, but no matter how tragic or heartbreaking the events may be, one always gains lessons, often severe, from these losses. Such is life, as reflected in these works. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. Washington DC: Washington Square Press, 2004 Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin, 1978

Essay Sample on Solar Power Research Based on the Experiment

Essay Sample on Solar Power Research Based on the Experiment Introduction Sun The heat of the sun is about equivalent to burning a billion trillion tons of coal an hour. Even though only a small fraction of that heat ever reaches the earth it is still more then enough to power the whole world. People seemed to realize the importance of the sun around 30,000 BC. This was when people first started planting crops of wheat. They realized plants did better when planted in the sun over the shade. This caused them to worship the sun as a God. Many cultures built large and extravagant temples to worship the sun in. Other cultures built places to observe the sun in, such as Stonehenge in England. Different Types of Solar Panels There are three main types of solar panels. They are flat plate collectors, focusing collectors, and solar cells. The first kind is a flat plate collector. Flat plate collectors are fastened on the top of the roof of a house. They usually either heat the house or its water. A flat plate collector consists of a black rectangular frame, two or three sheets of glass, and copper plumbing. A flat plat collector uses the greenhouse affect. The sunrays go through the glass but can’t get out through the glass. The sunrays heat the water-filled copper tubes. Then the water is used to heat the home or water. Another type of a solar panel is a focusing collector. They consist of a mirror or mirrors which are focused in one spot. Some focusing collectors are solar furnaces, parabolic dishes and troughs and power towers. The first type is a solar furnace. A solar furnace consists of many mirrors that are aimed at a large curved mirror that is aimed at a large steel building. This building can get as hot as 5,790 F. Scientists use solar furnaces to run experiments to see how certain materials react to extreme heats. They are also used industrially to melt metals. The next kind of focusing collector is a parabolic trough and dish. A parabolic dish looks just like a satellite dish except the dish part is to reflect the sunrays onto the vocal point which is filled with oil. The heated oil is used to produce steam to turn a turbine. A parabolic trough uses the same principles as a parabolic dish. The only differences are how they look, the mirror is shaped like a large feeding trough and the vocal point is an oil filled tube. These are used for either commercial such as in a power plant. The last focusing collector is a power tower. A power tower has many mirrors all focused on a large tower. This tower gets extremely hot. The tower is filled with oil. When the oil is heated it is piped to a power plant where it is used to produce steam that turns a turbine. These are used for power plants. The final type of solar panel is a solar cell. A solar cell usually consists of two layers of silicon that produce an electric charge which is picked up by wires that are laid across the silicon. Solar cells can be used for anything from powering an isolated phone booth to a whole city or even an airplane. History Solar Energy started around 30,000 BC when people first desalinized water, or took the salt out of salt water. In 1,000 BC a king had the water in his castle heated by the sun. Romans passively heated their homes in about 100 AD. In a passive solar home there is no machinery, but there are windows and the floors and windows are made of materials that absorbs heat, like adobe. Solar heating was not used until the late sixteenth century when European scientists started experimenting with the power of the sun. In 1714 many people worked together to create the world’s first solar furnace. In 1720 a Swiss scientist, Horace Benedict de Sasure, built the first modern solar water heater. In 1774 Antoine Lavoiser made a printing press powered by the sun. Later in 1880 in Chile a solar desalinization system was made. Also in 1880 the first solar cells were made. Solar cells when originally made they were very expensive and were not available on the market. Now you can buy solar cells cheaply. Current Applications Today we use solar power to do many things. We use solar power for everything from calculators to large power plants that can power large cities. Most common solar power is used for small things. Many calculators are run by solar cells so they will never run out of batteries. Some watches run on solar cells, too. Also you can buy radios that run on solar cells. There are also many big things that run on solar power. Almost all satellites run on solar power, because otherwise they would run out of power. There are also large desalinization plants that use solar power in places where there is little or no fresh water. There are solar furnaces in many countries. Solar power is also used commercially and residentially. It is also used for many forms of transportation, but these are all in the experimental stage now. Solar powered cars may soon come out. Indirect Solar Power There are three forms of indirect solar power. They are wind power, waterpower, and ocean thermal energy. You might think these have nothing to do with each other or solar power but they do, in some way they each use the sun. The first type is wind power. The reason this is a form of solar energy is because the sun heats the air that creates air currents, or wind. The wind turns propellers that turn turbines which creates electricity. Wind power has been used for a very long time. Places in Europe like the Netherlands have had windmills since the Middle Ages. Though these windmills were used to pump water or to grind grain. The next form is waterpower. This is considered solar power because of the hydrologic cycle. The hydrologic cycle is water evaporating from bodies of water then coming back to earth in different places. This allows them to go back through dams to produce electricity. The water turns turbines, which then create electricity. Waterpower is also an old process it used to be used at sawmills and to grind down grain. The last kind of indirect solar power is ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy is a power plant that uses the difference between the surface temperature and the temperature of the bottom of the ocean to produce electricity. When the cool water meets the hot water it produces steam that turns a turbine to produce electricity. The electricity is then sent to land through wires. This is solar power because the sun heats it. The Solar Future Today the use of solar power is very limited. Today we use very little active solar heating. Though in the future many more homes will be solar heated. More homes will have passive solar heating. Scientists want to make a satellite that will orbit over one place. This satellite would have giant wings made of solar power, this satellite would beam electricity down to earth. This would allow the solar cells not to be obstructed by clouds or buildings. Also ground solar power plants are predicted to be used more frequently. Another thing predicted to be popular is solar powered cars. The drawback of these cars is the fact that you can only travel at high speeds for a short time and they don’t work on cloudy days. Solar powered cars are only used for racing and experiments now. I think if there is another oil crisis there will be much more use of solar power. Solar power will be given more federal funding which will increase studies. The increased studies will make solar power cheaper and more efficient. This will make solar power more available on the market. CONCLUSION I think that solar power is a good alternative energy source. It has many advantages over fossil fuels. One is that the sun is free and does not have to be bought like other fuels. It also doesn’t hurt the environment and it is a renewable energy source. There are a few drawbacks to solar power. One is that it can be expensive to make and can be hard to use on cloudy days. Solar power is also difficult and expensive to store. Another bad thing is that silicon the material that solar cells are made of can be hard to find. If there is another energy crisis like the United States experienced in the 1970’s, solar power will be greatly increased. Federal funding will be increased to promote the studies of solar power. This will make solar power more efficient which will cause it to become cheaper. After the last energy crisis, most federal funding was decreased or stopped. This is very unfortunate because solar power would be far more advanced with more funding. EXPERIMENT Hypothesis: I think that some of the water will get into the inner bowl, this water will be fresh and the salt will still be in the outer bowl. I think that it will work better on sunny days than on cloudy days. Procedure: First I mixed two cups of water with two tablespoons of salt. I put the salt water into a large aluminum bowl. Then I put a small cereal bowl into the large bowl. I covered the large bowl with plastic wrap to keep the water from evaporating out of the bowl. After the bowl was covered I put a weight on the plastic wrap so the water would drip into the cereal bowl after it evaporated. I started this experiment at seven o’clock and then took observations at three and eight; I took all three observations for five days. Observations: On the first day at three there was some water on the plastic wrap after it had evaporated. At eight most of the water on the plastic wrap had dripped into the inner bowl. That day it was sunny. At seven the next there was a little more water in the small bowl. At three that day there was a little on the plastic wrap. At eight the little water on the plastic water had gone into the cereal bowl. It was cloudy that day. In the morning at seven there was no change from the night. At three that day there was a little water on the plastic wrap. At eight most of the water on the plastic wrap was in the cereal bowl. On the fourth day at seven the rest of the water was in the cereal bowl. At three the rest of there was a little on the plastic wrap. That night at eight the rest of the water on the plastic wrap was in the cereal bowl. It was partly cloudy that day. On the last day in the morning there was no change from the night before. At three there was a little more water on the plastic wrap. The water on the plastic wrap was in the small bowl. It was partly cloudy that day. Conclusion: My hypothesis was correct, but I thought more water would be purified then actual did get purified. The water in the cereal bowl had no salt in it. This experiment proves that solar power works and that it works better with no clouds than with clouds.

Comparison And Contrast Essay

Two Old School Friends Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† shows how two good school friends who haven’t seen each other in many years have led totally different lives. Nora is married, has three children and everything she wants or needs. Her husband Torvald treats her like a doll, indulging her every whim and calling her pet names, such as â€Å"singing lark†, â€Å"little squirrel† and â€Å"little spendthrift†. He pats her on the head much as one would a small child. Nora is sensible and completely unaware of her own worth until the last act of the play. In contrast, Mrs. Linde is a widow who married her husband for money and has no children. Since her husbands death she has had to work to take care of her sickly mother and two small brothers. Her mother has since died and her brothers are grown up and have made good lives for themselves. Mrs. Linde now has only herself to take care of. The play also shows how Mrs. Linde has matured and Nora has not. Nora initially appears flighty and excitable, her main concern seems to be charming her husband and being the perfect wife. It is Christmas eve and she is excited about showing Torvald what she has bought for gifts and decorating the Christmas tree. Mrs. Linde, on the other hand, has arrived in town looking for a job (and Mr. Krogstad) and makes no mention of Christmas. She and Nora reminisce about their days as school girls and she is very interested when she hears he news that Torvald is going to be the manager of a bank, hoping that he will give her a position there. Nora is secretive and hides her thoughts and actions from her husband even when there is no real benefit in doing so. Deception appears to be almost a habit for her, as she hides the fact that she is eating macaroons, which Torvald has forbidden her to do. Nora’s biggest secret, that she has borrowed money, in the name of love, is the hardest to keep hidden. In contrast, Mrs. Linde meets with... Comparison And Contrast Essay Free Essays on Two Old School Friends/A Doll\'s House/Comparison And Contrast Essay Two Old School Friends Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† shows how two good school friends who haven’t seen each other in many years have led totally different lives. Nora is married, has three children and everything she wants or needs. Her husband Torvald treats her like a doll, indulging her every whim and calling her pet names, such as â€Å"singing lark†, â€Å"little squirrel† and â€Å"little spendthrift†. He pats her on the head much as one would a small child. Nora is sensible and completely unaware of her own worth until the last act of the play. In contrast, Mrs. Linde is a widow who married her husband for money and has no children. Since her husbands death she has had to work to take care of her sickly mother and two small brothers. Her mother has since died and her brothers are grown up and have made good lives for themselves. Mrs. Linde now has only herself to take care of. The play also shows how Mrs. Linde has matured and Nora has not. Nora initially appears flighty and excitable, her main concern seems to be charming her husband and being the perfect wife. It is Christmas eve and she is excited about showing Torvald what she has bought for gifts and decorating the Christmas tree. Mrs. Linde, on the other hand, has arrived in town looking for a job (and Mr. Krogstad) and makes no mention of Christmas. She and Nora reminisce about their days as school girls and she is very interested when she hears he news that Torvald is going to be the manager of a bank, hoping that he will give her a position there. Nora is secretive and hides her thoughts and actions from her husband even when there is no real benefit in doing so. Deception appears to be almost a habit for her, as she hides the fact that she is eating macaroons, which Torvald has forbidden her to do. Nora’s biggest secret, that she has borrowed money, in the name of love, is the hardest to keep hidden. In contrast, Mrs. Linde meets with...